{"id":10722,"date":"2026-10-14T07:24:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T07:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/resources\/milling-insert-selection-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-10-21T15:02:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T15:02:11","slug":"milling-insert-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/resources\/milling-insert-selection-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Choose a \u94e3\u524a\u5200\u7247 (Cutter, Geometry, \u724c\u53f7)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u94e3\u524a\u5200\u7247 are chosen differently from turning \u5200\u7247. In turning the tool is continuously engaged, so heat builds steadily. In milling each tooth cuts and then runs free in air, so the tool is <em>thermally cycled<\/em> \u2014 hot in the cut, cool out of it. That single fact explains most of the choices below.<\/p>\n<h2>Step 1 \u2014 Match the insert to the cutter type<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ychl-art-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Cutter<\/th>\n<th>What it does<\/th>\n<th>Typical insert families<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Face mill (45\u00b0)<\/td>\n<td>General face milling, light chips, good surface<\/td>\n<td>SEHT, SDMT, ADMT, ONHU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Square shoulder mill (90\u00b0)<\/td>\n<td>True 90\u00b0 walls, steps, pockets<\/td>\n<td>APKT, APMT, RDMT, LNHU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>High-feed mill<\/td>\n<td>Very high table feed at small ap<\/td>\n<td>HNGX, LNGX, HNMX<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Round insert mill<\/td>\n<td>\u7c97\u52a0\u5de5, hard skins, dies<\/td>\n<td>RDMW, RPMT, RPMW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Slot \/ copy mill<\/td>\n<td>Full-width slots, profiling<\/td>\n<td>SDMW, ODMT, SEKT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chamfer \/ dovetail<\/td>\n<td>Edges, T-slots, chamfers<\/td>\n<td>APHT, AOHT, specials<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Step 2 \u2014 Lead angle changes everything<\/h2>\n<p>The lead angle (entering angle) is the angle between the cutter&#8217;s axis and the cutting edge. It decides how the chip thins and where the force goes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>45\u00b0<\/strong> \u2014 chips thin out, so you can run higher feed per tooth. Axial force is higher, so it pushes the workpiece down. \u8df3\u8f6cod all-round face milling, good surface finish, can mill up to a shoulder with a small step.<\/li>\n<li><strong>90\u00b0<\/strong> \u2014 true square shoulder. Radial force dominates, so it is hard on slender setups and the surface finish at the wall is worse. Use it when you need 90\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Small lead (10\u201325\u00b0, high-feed)<\/strong> \u2014 the chip is extremely thin and the force is directed almost entirely into the spindle axis. This is how high-feed milling reaches 3\u20134 mm feed per tooth at 0.5\u20131 mm depth of cut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Step 3 \u2014 Geometry: light, medium, heavy<\/h2>\n<p>Most milling insert ranges offer the same shape in two or three geometries. The code letters at the end of the designation (for example <code>MM4<\/code>, <code>MR2<\/code>, <code>MM3<\/code>) mark the intended duty:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Light \/ finishing (L)<\/strong> \u2014 sharpest edge, lowest force, best finish. Will chip on scale or interrupted cuts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e2d\u52a0\u5de5 (M)<\/strong> \u2014 the default. Handles most work. In our range the most stocked milling chipbreakers are PB1, PC2, KC2, MM4, MC3, MM3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heavy \/ roughing (H or R)<\/strong> \u2014 strongest edge, needs high feed to work. Use on castings, scale, and interrupted cuts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Step 4 \u2014 \u724c\u53f7 from the material group<\/h2>\n<p>Same ISO 513 logic as turning, but milling grades need thermal-shock resistance because of the cycling:<\/p>\n<div class=\"ychl-art-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Group<\/th>\n<th>\u724c\u53f7s most stocked<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>P \u2013 \u94a2<\/td>\n<td>AP251U, AC152P, AC252P, AT210A<\/td>\n<td>Mainstream steel face and shoulder milling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M \u2013 Stainless<\/td>\n<td>AP200M, AP301M, AP351M, AP403M<\/td>\n<td>Use sharp edge, avoid rubbing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K \u2013 \u94f8\u94c1<\/td>\n<td>AC151K, AC301K, AP251K, AT202<\/td>\n<td>Dry cutting normal; watch the casting skin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N \u2013 Aluminium<\/td>\n<td>HS6120, HS7125, HS8115, PD20<\/td>\n<td>Polished, sharp, no steel-style coating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S \u2013 Superalloys<\/td>\n<td>AP100S, AP351M, AC200M<\/td>\n<td>Low speed, constant feed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H \u2013 Hardened<\/td>\n<td>PB30, PB60, AP153H<\/td>\n<td>Hard milling above ~45 HRC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Step 5 \u2014 Feed per tooth, not feed per revolution<\/h2>\n<p>This is where most milling problems start. In turning you set mm\/rev; in milling you must think in <strong>mm per tooth (fz)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"ychl-art-formula\">vf = fz \u00d7 z \u00d7 n &nbsp;&nbsp;where z = number of teeth, n = rpm<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>average chip thickness<\/strong> is what the edge actually sees, and it is smaller than fz whenever the radial engagement is small:<\/p>\n<p class=\"ychl-art-formula\">h<sub>avg<\/sub> \u2248 fz \u00d7 \u221a(ae \/ Dc)<\/p>\n<p>So with a 50 mm cutter taking a 5 mm radial cut, \u221a(5\/50) = 0.32 \u2014 the real chip is under a third of your programmed fz. If you program 0.05 mm\/tooth in that situation, the edge is effectively rubbing at 0.016 mm, work-hardens the surface, and wears out fast. <strong>When ae is small, increase fz.<\/strong> This is the single most useful milling rule.<\/p>\n<h2>Climb milling versus conventional<\/h2>\n<p>Use <strong>climb (down) milling<\/strong> by default: the chip starts thick and ends thin, the tool is pushed away from the finished surface, and tool life is better. Conventional milling is only preferable on very hard skins, on old machines with backlash, or when the fixture cannot take the climb force.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked<\/h2>\n<h3>Should I use coolant in milling?<\/h3>\n<p>For steel, usually yes for tool life \u2014 but watch that you are not thermally shocking the insert. \u94f8\u94c1, run dry. Aluminium, use flood or air blast to clear chips. \u6dec\u786c\u94a2 and most high-temperature alloys, run dry: coolant causes thermal cracking of the edge.<\/p>\n<h3>Why does my insert chip at the start of the cut?<\/h3>\n<p>Almost always the entry. Switch to climb milling, reduce the radial engagement, or use a tougher geometry. Chipping on exit is the opposite problem \u2014 the chip welds to the edge as it thins out, so raise fz.<\/p>\n<h3>How many teeth should the cutter have?<\/h3>\n<p>Enough that at least one tooth is always engaged (otherwise the feed is interrupted and the tool hammers), but not so many that chips cannot clear. For roughing with limited spindle power, a coarse-pitch cutter with fewer teeth lets you take a deeper cut.<\/p>\n<h2>Related guides<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/zh\/resources\/iso-513-material-groups\/\">ISO 513 material groups explained<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/zh\/resources\/carbide-grades-explained\/\">Carbide grades explained<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/zh\/resources\/chipbreaker-selection-guide\/\">\u69fd\u578b selection guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/zh\/resources\/cutting-parameters-calculator\/\">Cutting parameters calculator<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/zh\/milling-inserts\/\">\u6d4f\u89c8 all milling \u5200\u7247<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Standards and further reading<\/h2>\n<p>The material group definitions used throughout this site follow ISO 513. The manufacturer links below are independent technical references.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sandvik.coromant.com\/en-gb\/knowledge\/milling\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sandvik Coromant \u2013 Milling knowledge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kennametal.com\/us\/en\/resources.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kennametal \u2013 \u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3 and technical information<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Milling inserts are chosen differently from turning inserts. In turning the tool is continuously engaged, so heat builds steadily. In milling each tooth cuts and then runs free in air, so the tool is thermally cycled \u2014 hot in the cut, cool out of it. That single fact explains most of the choices below. Step [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2220,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_ychl_meta_desc":"How to pick milling inserts: matching to face, shoulder and slotting cutters, choosing lead angle and geometry, and the cutting data that works.","_ychl_model_html":""},"class_list":["post-10722","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10722"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10733,"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10722\/revisions\/10733"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ychltools.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}